examination of the neck

Look

Deformity

· position of head and neck

· torticollis

· kyphosis

Skin

· webbed neck

· low posterior hairline

Contour

Swelling

· Sprengel shoulder

· sternomastoid tumour

Wasting

· peri-scapular

· upper limbs

feel

· spinous processes

· paravertebral - trapezius

· posterior triangle

· sternomastoid

move

Forward flexion

· chin to chest - measure, lift head from pillows

· total range of flex/ext is 130^o

· flexion-extension occurs at

· A-O joint (40%, nodding)

· subaxial (60%, forward translation)

Extension

· plane of nose and forehead horizontal

Rotation

· chin nearly to plane of shoulder

· 80^o

· occurs at

· atlantoaxial joint (50%)

· subaxial (50%)

Lateral flexion

· ear to shoulder with shrug

· 45^o

· occurs at lower C vert

neurological