· aims in erect stance are
· bipedal stance
· level pelvis
· hip contracture in coronal plane not compatible with level pelvis
· tilted pelvis accompanied by scoliosis
· apparent shortening achieved
· in coronal plane by hip adduction
· in sagittal plane by knee flexion
· apparent lengthening achieved
· in coronal plane by hip abduction
· in sagittal plane by ankle equinus
· lower limb is sagittal intercalated segment
· hip, knee and ankle flexion are obligatory movements
· attempt to obtain symmetrical stance
· assess levels of ASIS
= leg length equality
· components equal with no deformity
· components equal with bilateral symmetrical deformity
· components equal with compensated deformity
· components unequal but sum equal
= leg length inequality
· compensated with hip attitude in coronal plane
= fully compensated leg length inequality
· flexed contralateral knee
· equinus ipsilateral ankle
= sagittal deformity with ipsilateral sagittal compensation
· fixed flexion of knee with ankle equinus (and flexion of hip)
· fixed ankle equinus with flexion of knee (and flexion of hip)
· fixed flexion of hip with equinus of ankle (and flexion of knee)
= coronal deformity with contralateral coronal deformity
· valgus of knee with contralateral varus of knee
= partly compensated leg length inequality
· partly flexed contralateral knee
· partly equinus of ipsilateral ankle
= coronal deformity with sagittal compensation
· fixed abduction of hip with ipsilateral flexion of knee
· fixed abduction of hip with contralateral equinus of ankle
· fixed adduction of hip with contralateral flexion of knee
· fixed adduction of hip with contralateral equinus of ankle
= sagittal deformity with coronal compensation
· fixed flexion of knee with ipsilateral hip abduction
· fixed equinus of ankle with ipsilateral hip adduction